PY1.1-7 | General Physiology — Practice Quiz — PY1.1-7 | General Physiology

Q1 PY1.1 1 pt

According to the fluid mosaic model, the basic structural framework of the cell membrane is formed by:

A A double layer of proteins with lipids embedded in them

B A phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it ✓

C A single layer of glycolipids with cholesterol coating

D A carbohydrate matrix with lipid droplets

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Q2 PY1.1 1 pt

A cell has extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) but very little rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). This cell is most likely specialised for:

A Secretion of antibodies

B Synthesis of steroid hormones ✓

C Production of digestive enzymes

D Phagocytosis of bacteria

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Q3 PY1.1 1 pt

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease lacks the enzyme hexosaminidase A, leading to accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons. Which organelle is primarily dysfunctional in this condition?

A Mitochondria

B Rough endoplasmic reticulum

C Lysosomes ✓

D Peroxisomes

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Q4 PY1.2 1 pt

The major cation in intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) are, respectively:

A Na+ (ICF) and K+ (ECF)

B K+ (ICF) and Na+ (ECF) ✓

C Ca2+ (ICF) and Mg2+ (ECF)

D K+ (ICF) and Cl- (ECF)

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Q5 PY1.3 1 pt

Red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will:

A Shrink (crenate) as water moves out

B Swell and potentially burst (haemolyse) as water moves in ✓

C Remain unchanged because RBCs have rigid cell walls

D Actively pump water out to maintain their volume

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Q6 PY1.3 1 pt

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) contains glucose along with sodium and potassium salts. The glucose in ORS primarily functions to:

A Provide calories to the dehydrated patient

B Make the solution taste better so patients drink more

C Drive sodium absorption via the SGLT1 cotransporter in the intestine ✓

D Increase the osmolarity of the solution to prevent further water loss

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Q7 PY1.4 1 pt

Blood glucose rises after a meal. The pancreas releases insulin, which causes cells to take up glucose, bringing blood glucose back to normal. This is an example of:

A Positive feedback

B Negative feedback ✓

C Feed-forward regulation

D Hormonal cascade amplification

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Q8 PY1.5 1 pt

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure in the blood?

A Fibrinogen

B Immunoglobulins (gamma globulins)

C Albumin ✓

D Transferrin

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Q9 PY1.6 1 pt

A patient with uncontrolled diabetes presents with deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul breathing), blood pH of 7.15, and low bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻ = 10 mEq/L). The rapid breathing is the body's attempt to compensate by:

A Increasing oxygen delivery to acidotic tissues

B Blowing off CO₂ to reduce the acid load (respiratory compensation) ✓

C Stimulating the kidneys to excrete more bicarbonate

D Increasing the production of lactic acid

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Q10 PY1.7 1 pt

A patient has low serum calcium. Which hormone would be elevated as a compensatory response, and what is its effect on bone?

A Calcitonin — increases bone resorption

B Parathyroid hormone (PTH) — increases bone resorption ✓

C Parathyroid hormone (PTH) — increases bone formation

D Insulin — increases calcium uptake by bone

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