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PY4.1-12 | Introduction to Gastro-intestinal Physiology

Learning Objectives

  • Describe the functional anatomy of the digestive system including the alimentary canal and accessory organs (PY4.1)
  • Enumerate GI hormones, explain their functions and regulation (PY4.2)
  • Describe composition, secretion mechanisms, functions and regulation of saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juices (PY4.3–PY4.6)
  • Describe digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (PY4.7)
  • Describe GIT movements — peristalsis, segmentation, defecation reflex, and the role of dietary fibre (PY4.8)
  • Describe liver and gallbladder functions, bile secretion, and liver function tests (PY4.9)
  • Describe the Gut-Brain Axis and its physiological significance (PY4.10)
  • Discuss applied physiology: peptic ulcer, GERD, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, adynamic ileus, Hirschsprung's disease (PY4.11)
  • Obtain a relevant history and conduct a clinical examination of the abdomen (PY4.12)

INSTRUCTIONS

This module is structured as a guided self-directed learning journey covering all 12 NMC competencies for GI Physiology. Work through all five content parts in sequence — each builds on the last. The Self-Check questions at the end of each part test your understanding before you move on. Estimated study time: 90 minutes across all pages.

References

  • Guyton & Hall — Textbook of Medical Physiology (14th ed.), Unit XII: Gastrointestinal Physiology, Ch. 62–66 (Textbook)
  • Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology (26th ed.), Section VII: Gastrointestinal Physiology (Textbook)
  • OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology 2e — Chapter 23: The Digestive System (Open Access)
  • NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 — PY4.1 to PY4.12 (Curriculum Standard)

Version 1.0 | Academe Capsules — MGMCRI, SBV | ~90 min